what does it mean to metabolize a drug
The CYP2C19 gene is of import in how your body responds to medications and breaks down toxins. Important here is that variants in CYP2C19 touch on your private response to medications such as prilosec, Plavix, valium, and certain SSRIs.
The CYP family unit of enzymes breaks down both toxins and medications. (Learn more than near other detoxification genes.)
CYP2C19: From Prilosec to Plavix
Talk with your medico or pharmacist before making any changes to a medication that y'all are currently taking.
The CYP2C19 enzyme is responsible for the breakdown (also chosen metabolism) of several pop drugs including proton pump inhibitors (Prilosec, Nexium, Prevacid), certain anti-epileptics, and an antiplatelet drug (Plavix).
Several important CYP2C19 genetic variants impact how drugs break down, causing some people to be poor metabolizers and others to be fast metabolizers.
Yous tin can have increased side effects (depending on the medication) either from being a dull metabolizer or a fast metabolizer.
Some medications, called pro-drugs, demand to break down into their metabolites for the drug to exist constructive. Other drugs articulate your system through the use of the CYP enzymes. Thus, the effect of a variant depends on the specific medication.
CYP2C19 medication examples:
Examples of interactions with CYP2C19 genetic variants:
- A CYP2C19 fast metabolizer taking omeprazole (Prilosec) to treat h. pylori may accept an bereft response because the drug may not remain active in the body long enough.[ref]
- Alternatively, pro-drugs, such as Plavix, catechumen into their agile drug state through CYP2C19. If you are a poor metabolizer, it could mean Plavix (an anticoagulant) isn't activated enough and you wouldn't be protected from claret clots.[ref]
- Valium (diazepam) is another mutual drug metabolized in part by CYP2C19 (forth with the CYP3A4 enzyme). Currently, there are no official recommendations to physicians as to reducing the dosages for poor metabolizers, just there is a box alert about CYP2C19.[ref]
- A couple of SSRI'southward, Celexa (citalopram), Zoloft (sertraline), and Lexapro (escitalopram), as well metabolize mainly through CYP2C19.[ref]
- A 2021 study showed that the average dose of citalopram (Celexa) is non equally effective as an antidepressant for people with one copy of a non-functioning CYP2C19 variant (rs4244285). [ref]
CYP2C19 Poor Metabolizers:
Bank check your genetic data beneath to see if you are probable to be a poor metabolizer. A broad variation exists in how this gene metabolizes these drugs.
- Approximately 10 – xx% of Asians are poor metabolizers, every bit are 2 – five% of people of Caucasian descent.
- Up to 20-30% of Caucasians are fast metabolizers, just less than v% of Asians are.
Here is more than data on drugs that are metabolized through CYP2C19.
In addition to drug metabolism, CYP2C19 also helps to actuate and break down some hormones such equally progesterone.[ref] It is involved (minor) in metabolizing melatonin[ref] and is also involved in the metabolism of estradiol.[ref] Notation that CYP2C19 is not the only route for metabolizing these hormones, just ane way that the body tin can intermission them downward.
Genetic variants that touch CYP2C19:
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CYP2C19 Poor metabolizers:
Check your genetic variants for rs4244285 681G>A (23andMe v4, v5):
- A/A: non-performance (CYP2C19*2) (Plavix unlikely to work)
- A/Chiliad: poorer metabolizer
- One thousand/G: typical[ref]
Members: Your genotype for rs4244285 is —.
Bank check your genetic variants for rs4986893 (23andMe v4, v5; AncestryDNA):
- A/A: poor metabolizer (CYP2C19*iii), increased risk of lung cancer[ref]
- A/G: deadening metabolizer
- G/G: typical[ref]
Members: Your genotype for rs4986893 is —.
CYP2C19 Ultra-fast metabolizers:
Check your genetic variants for rs12248560 (23andMe v4, v5; AncestryDNA):
- C/C: typical
- C/T: ultrafast metabolizer (CYP2C19*17), more likely to benefit from tamoxifen treatment
- T/T: ultrafast metabolizer (CYP2C19*17), more than likely to benefit from tamoxifen treatment[ref]
Members: Your genotype for rs12248560 is —.
Lifehacks:
Lifestyle interactions:
Stop smoking! If you are a CYP2C19 poor metabolizer and a smoker, you are at a 5x increased adventure of lung cancer[ref] and a 17x increased risk of laryngeal cancer.[ref]
Pharmacogenetic testing for antidepressants:
If you lot are trying to figure out whether an antidepressant volition work for you, I would propose going beyond what you can learn from your genetic raw data file, which may not cover everything. Instead, look into pharmacogenetic testing, which is a clinical exam specifically looking for gene-drug interactions. Your doctor tin probable order information technology for you lot, or you can order on your own from some testing places.
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CYP3A4: Breaking downward prescription meds
Our bodies suspension down (metabolize) drugs and other toxins through a group of enzymes known equally the CYP450 family. Different CYP enzymes break down different substances, and we all bear genetic variants that can impact whether we metabolize a drug apace or slowly. The CYP3A family of genes is involved in metabolizing nearly half of the drugs on the market place today. Cheque your genes to run into if you deport variants that impact the speed at which you metabolize medications.
Phase I and Stage Ii detoxification
Learn how the different genetic variants in the phase I and phase II detoxification genes impact the way that you react to medications and break down different toxins.
Originally published July, 2018. Updated February. 2021.
Source: https://www.geneticlifehacks.com/liver-detox-genes-cyp2c19/
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